Prin synexisete thn anagnwsh aytou edw toy HOWTO, 8a xreiastei na gnwrizete pws na kanete telnet metaju server kai client, kai pros tis duo katey8unseis. An to telnet den doyleuei, janakoitajte to Networking/NET-3 HOWTO, kai sthste th diktuwsh swsta.
Prin mporesoyme na kanoyme o,tidhpote, xreiazomaste ena sthsimo gia ton NFS server. An eisaste melos enos etairikou h panepisthmiakou diktuoy, pi8anotata 8a breite kamposoys NFS servers hdh sthmenoys. An oi SysAdmins sas afhsoyn na exete prosbash s' aytous toys H/Y, h an diabazete ayto to HOWTO gia n' apokthsete prosbash s' enan tetoio H/Y, profanws den xreiazetai na diabasete ayto to kommati, kai mporeite apla na pate pio katw, sto Ry8mizontas ton NFS client .
An 8elete na sthsete enan H/Y poy den basizetai sto Linux san server, prepei na diabasete ta egxeiridia toy, gia n' anakalucete pws energopoieitai to NFS serving kai to export twn filesystems mesw toy NFS. Yparxei mia xwristh enothta s' ayto edw to HowTo, gia to pws ginetai ayth h doyleia se diaforetika LS. Afou, loipon, exete jeka8arisei ola ta parapanw, mporeite na synexisete me thn anagnwsh ths epomenhs enothtas toy parontos HowTo. 'H na diabasete perissotera s' ayto to kommati, afou kapoia apo ta pragmata poy 8a pw einai sxetika me to 8ema, adiaforo ti H/Y xrhsimopoieite gia server.
An biazeste, parakalw diabaste to To NFS sto Linux 2.2 , prin synexisete na diabazete edw.
Osoi synexizete to diabasma, 8a xreiastei na ry8misete merika programmata.
O portmapper sto Linux onomazetai eite portmap
, h
rpc.portmap
. H sxetikh selida ths entolhs man ston H/Y moy leei oti
prokeitai gia enan "xarth 8yrwn DARPA pros ari8mous programmatwn RPC".
Einai h prwth trupa asfaleias poy 8' anoijete m' ayto edw to HowTo. H
perigrafh gia to pws 8a thn kleisete, brisketai sto
Asfaleia kai NFS. To opoio kai sas parotrunw jana na diabasete.
3ekinhste ton portmapper. Onomazetai eite portmap
, h
rpc.portmap
, kai prepei na brisketai mesa sto directory
/usr/sbin
(poy se merikous H/Y legetai rpcbind). Mporeite na ton
jekinhsete me to xeri twra, alla prepei na ton jekinate kai ka8e fora poy
bootarete ton H/Y sas, ara prepei na ftiajete h na dior8wsete ta rc scripts.
Ayta ta scripts ejhgountai leptomerestera sth selida man gia thn entolh
init, kai synh8ws briskontai sta dirs /etc/rc.d
,
/etc/init.d
, h /etc/rc.d/init.d
. Ean yparxei ena script
me onoma kati san inet
, einai pi8anotata to script poy zhtate gia
dior8wsh. Alla, osa 8a gracete h 8a kanete, briskontai ejw apo ta oria toy
parontos HowTo. 3ekinhste ton portmap, kai elegjte oti doyleuei, trexontas :
ps aux
kai meta rpcinfo -p
. Doyleuei; Kalws.
A, kati akomh : H apo makria prosbash ston portmapper sas ry8mizetai
apo ta periexomena twn arxeiwn /etc/hosts.allow
kai
/etc/hosts.deny
. An apotuxei to rpcinfo -p
, alla o
portmapper sas trexei, parakalw ejetaste ta sygkekrimena arxeia. Des to
Asfaleia kai NFS , gia leptomereies
epanw s' ayta ta arxeia.
Ta epomena programmata poy prepei na baloyme na trexoyn einai oi mountd
kai nfsd. Alla prwta, 8a dior8wsoyme ena allo arxeio, ayth h fora to
/etc/exports
. As poume oti 8elw to filesystem
/mn/eris/local
, to opoio yparxei epanw ston H/Y eris
, na
einai dia8esimo ston H/Y apollon
. Tote, 8a ebaza thn ejhs grammh sto
arxeio /etc/exports
ths eris :
/mn/eris/local apollon(rw)
H parapanw grammh dinei ston apollon prosbash read/write sto
/mn/eris/local
. Anti gia rw
, 8a mporouse kai na leei ro
,
poy shmainei "mono gia diabasma" (read only - an den gracete
tipote, to default einai read only).
Yparxoyn ki alles epiloges poy mporeite na dwsete, kai parakatw 8a syzhthsw
merikes sxetizomenes me thn asfaleia. Pantws, oles apari8mountai sth selida
man gia to exports
, thn opoia prepei na diabasete toylaxiston mia fora
sth zwh sas. Epishs, yparxoyn kaluteroi tropoi, apo to na gracete sto arxeio
exports oloklhrh th lista twn hosts. Px mporeite na xrhsimopoihsete omades
(groups) sto diktyo, an trexete to NIS (h NYS - to NIS htane gnwsto ws
"Kitrines Selides", Yellow Pages, YP), kai panta na balete
wildcards gia ta domains kai ta ypodiktya (subnets) twn IP's, perigrafontas
toys hosts poy epitrepetai na fortwsoyn kati. Alla prepei kai na skef8eite
poios einai pi8ano na apokthsei mh ejoysiodothmenh prosbash ston server, se
periptwsh poy xrhsimopoieite omadikes ejoysiodothseis.
Shmeiwsh : To arxeio exports den syntassetai me ton idio tropo, opws se
alla *nix's. Yparxei jexwristh enothta sto paron HOWTO sxetika me ta
arxeia exports
twn allwn *nix's.
Twra, prepei na jekinhsoyme ton mountd (poy isws legetai kai
rpc.mountd
), kai meta ton nfsd (isws legetai kai rpc.nfsd
). Kai
oi duo 8a diabasoyn to arxeio exports.
An dior8wsete to /etc/exports
, 8a prepei na bebaiw8eite oti oi
nfsd kai mountd gnwrizoyn oti to arxeio allaje. O paradosiakos tropos einai
na trejete to exportfs
, omws polles dianomes toy Linux den dia8etoyn
programma exportfs. An oute h dikh sas dianomh dia8etei, mporeite na
egkatasthsete to ejhs script ston H/Y sas :
#!/bin/sh killall -HUP /usr/sbin/rpc.mountd killall -HUP /usr/sbin/rpc.nfsd echo re-exported file systems
Swste to px sto /usr/sbin/exportfs
, kai mhn jexasete na dwsete
chmod a+rx
. Twra, ka8e fora poy allazete to exports arxeio sas, meta
trejte to exportfs ws root.
Twra, elegjte oti oi mountd kai nfsd trexoyn swsta. Prwta me to
rpcinfo -p
. Ayto prepei na deijei kati, opws to parakatw :
program vers proto port 100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper 100000 2 udp 111 portmapper 100005 1 udp 745 mountd 100005 1 tcp 747 mountd 100003 2 udp 2049 nfs 100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs
Opws blepete, o portmapper exei anaggeilei tis yphresies (services) toy, opws kai oi mountd kai nfsd.
An labete mhnyma rpcinfo: can't contact portmapper: RPC: Remote system error - Connection refused
, RPC_PROG_NOT_REGISTERED
,
h kati paromoio, tote o portmapper den trexei. 'H, exete kapoies grammes
sta arxeia /etc/hosts.{allow,deny}
, poy apagoreuoyn ston
portmapper n' apanthsei. Parakalw diabaste to
Asfaleia kai NFS gia leptomereies epanw s' ayta ta arxeia. An
labete to mhnyma No remote programs registered.
, tote eite o
portmapper den 8elei koybenta me sas, h kapoia sundesh espase. Kante kill
stoys nfsd kai mountd, ka8ws kai ston portmapper, kai janaprospa8hste ap'
thn arxh.
Afou elegjete to oti o portmapper anaferei tis yphresies (services) toy, mporeite na dokimasete kai me to ps. O portmapper 8a synexisei n' anaferei yphresies, akomh kai afou exoyn krasarei ta programmata poy tis epekteinoyn. Ara, enas elegxos sto ps einai kati aparaithto, an fanei oti kapoia sundesh den doyleuei.
Fysika, prepei na tropopoihsete ta arxeia rc toy H/Y sas, gia na jekinhsoyn me to bootarisma oi mountd kai nfsd, ka8ws kai o portmapper. Einai polu pi8ano oti ta sxetika scripts hdh yparxoyn ston H/Y sas, apla prepei na bgalete ta sxolia apo tis shmantikes grammes, h na energopoihsete ton H/Y sta swsta epipeda init run.
Oi selides man, me tis opoies prepei na eisaste ejoikeiwmenoi s' ayto to shmeio : portmap, mountd, nfsd, kai exports.
Loipon, an ta kanate ola akribws opws sas ta eipa, eisaste etoimoi na jekinhsete ton NFS client.