ECRIT H. Schulzrinne Internet-Draft Columbia University Intended status: Informational L. Liess Expires: April 15, 2009 Deutsche Telekom H. Tschofenig Nokia Siemens Networks B. Stark AT&T A. Kuett Skype October 12, 2008 Location Hiding: Problem Statement and Requirements draft-ietf-ecrit-location-hiding-req-01.txt Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on April 15, 2009. Abstract The emergency services architecture developed in the IETF Emergency Context Resolution with Internet Technology (ECRIT) working group describes an architecture where location information is provided by access networks to end points or VoIP service providers in order to determine the correct dial string and information to route the call Schulzrinne, et al. Expires April 15, 2009 [Page 1] Internet-Draft Location Hiding Requirements October 2008 to a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP). For determining the PSAP Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) the usage of the Location-to- Service Translation (LoST) Protocol is envisioned. This document explores the architectural impact for the IETF emergency services architecture for situations where the Internet Access Provider (IAP) and/or the Internet Service Provider (ISP) are only willing to disclose limited or no location information. This document provides a problem statement and lists requirements. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1. Emergency Services Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2. Location Hiding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3. Location by Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1. High-Level Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.2. Detailed Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.3. Desirable Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 10 Schulzrinne, et al. Expires April 15, 2009 [Page 2] Internet-Draft Location Hiding Requirements October 2008 1. Introduction 1.1. Emergency Services Architecture The emergency services architecture developed in the IETF Emergency Context Resolution with Internet Technology (ECRIT) working group, see [I-D.ietf-ecrit-framework], describes an architecture where location information is provided by access networks to end points or VoIP service providers in order to determine the correct dial string and information to route the call to a Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP). The Location-to-Service Translation (LoST) Protocol [RFC5222] allows callers and other call-routing entities to determine the PSAP Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for a specific geographical location together with a service URI [RFC5031]. The basic architecture is shown in Figure 1 of [I-D.ietf-ecrit-framework] and further detailed in the message flow in Figure 2 of [I-D.ietf-ecrit-framework]. For emergency services, location information is needed in three ways: 1. Emergency call routing to the PSAP that is responsible for a specific geographical region 2. Dispatch of the emergency personnel to the scene of an accident, crime or other types of incidents 3. Additionally, a VSP may need to verify that an call is indeed an emergency call and may therefore require location information to ensure that calls routed to a specific URI point to a PSAP. It is very important to note that this document only discusses location hiding in the context of location information that is need for call routing. ISPs have no interest or even legal basis for hiding location information from emergency services personnel. 1.2. Location Hiding In some cases, location providers (e.g., Internet Access Providers (IAPs) and/or the Internet Service Providers (ISPs)) are unwilling to provide precise location information to end points or VSPs, as is called for in the above model. The decision to deny location can be driven by a number of technical and business concerns. Some providers may perceive a risk that allowing users to access location information for non-emergency purposes or prior to an emergency call will incur additional server load and thus costs. Other providers may not want to make location information available without the ability to charge for it. Schulzrinne, et al. Expires April 15, 2009 [Page 3] Internet-Draft Location Hiding Requirements October 2008 1.3. Location by Reference The work on the Location Configuration Protocol (LCP) indicated the need to provide the capability to obtain Location-by-References (LbyRs) in addition to Location-by-Value (LbyV) from a Location Information Server (LIS). The LCP problem statement and requirements document can be found in [I-D.ietf-geopriv-l7-lcp-ps]. The requirements for obtaining an LbyR via the LCP and the corresponding dereferencing step can be found in [I-D.ietf-geopriv-lbyr-requirements]. HTTP Enabled Location Delivery (HELD), see [I-D.ietf-geopriv-http-location-delivery], is an instantiation of the LCP concept and allows LbyVs and LbyRs to be requested. A location reference may already satisfy the requirement for location hiding if the PSAP has the appropriate credentials to resolve the reference. This requires a trust relationship between the PSAP and the ISP. Note that the requirement being met here is for delivery of location information to the PSAP, not for LoST routing or for validation at the VSP. Unfortunately, a location reference is not compatible with LoST, as LoST requires an information value rather than a reference. Also, LoST servers may be operated by the VSP, which may not have a trust relationship with the ISP. 2. Terminology The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119], with the important qualification that, unless otherwise stated, these terms apply to the design of an solution supporting location hiding, not its implementation or application. This document reuses terminology from [I-D.ietf-geopriv-l7-lcp-ps]. 3. Requirements 3.1. High-Level Requirements Schulzrinne, et al. Expires April 15, 2009 [Page 4] Internet-Draft Location Hiding Requirements October 2008 Req-A: There MUST be a way an access network can withhold detailed location information from any entity it wishes to, and specifically, the endpoint, and a VSP. Req-B: The ISP/IAP MUST support the ability of the endpoint or the VSP to route emergency calls. Req-C: The VSP MUST be able to validate that a call purported to be an emergency call is being routed to a bona fide URI, which is denoted by being a URI in LoST for the designated emergency service. Req-D: The PSAP MUST be provided precise location information (by value) for emergency callers. The endpoint and/or VSP may provide this information either by value or by reference. 3.2. Detailed Requirements Req-1: The proposed solution MUST NOT assume a business or trust relationship between the caller's VSP and the caller's ISP. Req-2: A solution MUST consider deployment scenarios where a VSP is outside the jurisdiction of the PSAP. Req-3: The solution MUST offer automated discovery of servers and other behavior, i.e., no manual configuration can be assumed. Req-4: The steps needed by the endpoint for emergency calling SHOULD be no different when location is withheld vs. when location is not withheld. In particular, user agents cannot require additional configuration to discover which particular environment (hiding or no hiding) they find themselves in. Req-5: The solution SHOULD work for non-SIP entities, without the ISP/IAP having to support these protocols. Req-6: The solution MUST work if PSAP boundaries have holes. Req-7: The solution MUST NOT assume the existence of Emergency Service Routing Proxies (ESRPs) per country, state and city. Req-8: The solution MUST consider that service boundaries for different emergency services may differ, but they overlap at the location of the caller. Schulzrinne, et al. Expires April 15, 2009 [Page 5] Internet-Draft Location Hiding Requirements October 2008 Req-9: Though the solution MAY add steps to the emergency call routing process described in [framework], these steps MUST NOT significantly increase call setup latency. For example, the revised process MUST NOT include "trial-and-error" operations on its critical path, such as attempts at LbyR resolutions that may take time to time out. Req-10: The solution MUST allow the end host to determine PSAP/ESRP URLs prior to the call, for all emergency services. Req-11: The solution MUST allow UAs to discover at least their dial string ahead of the emergency call. Req-12: The solution MUST have minimal impact on UAs. Req-13: The solution MUST NOT interfere with the use of LoST for non-emergency services. Req-14: Deleted Req-15: Calls may reach a PSTN gateway, rather than the PSAP directly. 3.3. Desirable Properties o The solution MUST NOT shift effort(externality), i.e., the convenience of the location-hiding ISP MUST NOT impose a burden on user agents or non-hiding ISPs/IAPs and SHOULD NOT impose a burden on VSPs. o The solution SHOULD minimize the impact on LoST, SIP conveyance [I-D.ietf-sip-location-conveyance] and DHCP. o The solution SHOULD NOT rely on DHCP for LoST configuration, as the information in the DHCP server provided by the ISP may not reach the UA, due to NATs. 4. IANA Considerations This document does not require actions by IANA. 5. Security Considerations This document does not raise additional security consideration beyond those mentioned in [I-D.ietf-geopriv-l7-lcp-ps] and discussed in this Schulzrinne, et al. Expires April 15, 2009 [Page 6] Internet-Draft Location Hiding Requirements October 2008 document. 6. Acknowledgments We would like to thank the following ECRIT working group members (in no particular order) for their contributions: o Andrew Newton (andy@hxr.us) o James Winterbottom (James.Winterbottom@andrew.com) o Brian Rosen (br@brianrosen.net) o Richard Barnes (rbarnes@bbn.com) o Marc Linsner (mlinsner@cisco.com) o Ted Hardie (hardie@qualcomm.com) 7. References 7.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", March 1997. 7.2. Informative References [I-D.ietf-geopriv-l7-lcp-ps] Tschofenig, H. and H. Schulzrinne, "GEOPRIV Layer 7 Location Configuration Protocol; Problem Statement and Requirements", draft-ietf-geopriv-l7-lcp-ps-08 (work in progress), June 2008. [I-D.ietf-sip-location-conveyance] Polk, J. and B. Rosen, "Location Conveyance for the Session Initiation Protocol", draft-ietf-sip-location-conveyance-10 (work in progress), September 2008. [I-D.ietf-ecrit-framework] Rosen, B., Schulzrinne, H., Polk, J., and A. Newton, "Framework for Emergency Calling using Internet Multimedia", draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-06 (work in progress), July 2008. [RFC5222] Hardie, T., Newton, A., Schulzrinne, H., and H. Tschofenig, "LoST: A Location-to-Service Translation Protocol", RFC 5222, August 2008. [I-D.ietf-geopriv-lbyr-requirements] Schulzrinne, et al. Expires April 15, 2009 [Page 7] Internet-Draft Location Hiding Requirements October 2008 Marshall, R., "Requirements for a Location-by-Reference Mechanism", draft-ietf-geopriv-lbyr-requirements-03 (work in progress), July 2008. [RFC5031] Schulzrinne, H., "A Uniform Resource Name (URN) for Emergency and Other Well-Known Services", RFC 5031, January 2008. [I-D.ietf-geopriv-http-location-delivery] Barnes, M., Winterbottom, J., Thomson, M., and B. Stark, "HTTP Enabled Location Delivery (HELD)", draft-ietf-geopriv-http-location-delivery-09 (work in progress), September 2008. Authors' Addresses Henning Schulzrinne Columbia University Department of Computer Science 450 Computer Science Building New York, NY 10027 US Phone: +1 212 939 7004 Email: hgs+ecrit@cs.columbia.edu URI: http://www.cs.columbia.edu Laura Liess Deutsche Telekom Networks Deutsche Telekom Allee 7 Darmstadt, Hessen 64295 Germany Phone: Email: Laura.Liess@t-systems.com URI: http://www.telekom.de Schulzrinne, et al. Expires April 15, 2009 [Page 8] Internet-Draft Location Hiding Requirements October 2008 Hannes Tschofenig Nokia Siemens Networks Linnoitustie 6 Espoo 02600 Finland Phone: +358 (50) 4871445 Email: Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net URI: http://www.tschofenig.priv.at Barbara Stark AT&T 725 W Peachtree St, NE Atlanta, GA 30308 USA Phone: +1 404 499 7026 Email: barbara.stark@att.com Andres Kuett Skype Email: andres.kytt@skype.net Schulzrinne, et al. 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